An Experiment Conducted in Attempt to Transform DNA off the Bacteria E. Coli

An Experiment Conducted in Attempt to Transform DNA off the Bacteria E. Coli Abstract: The main objective of this experiment was to transform DNA found in bacteria. A plasmid was used on E. coli and with the use of heat shock, was inherited by the bacteria which caused the E. coli to become resistant to ampicillin. Also in the plasmid was GFP which verified the hypothesis by glowing green under UV light. The predicted outcome held true and gives insight on what the future of medicine might hold. Introduction: Transforming DNA on bacteria will require a change in their genes. Using pGLO in this experiment allowed the DNA on Escherichia coli (E. coli) to transform. There are three genes in this plasmid: the araC gene, green fluorescent protein gene (GFP), and the bla gene. The ara C gene is a bifunctional regulator which transcripts araC mRNA which translates to produce araC proteins that act as a depressor or promoter to the GFP. The GFP also transcripts to produce GFP mRNA which translated to produce GFP that glows green under ultraviolet light (UV light). The last gene is the bla gene which gives the bacteria ampicillin resistance. E. Coli was used in this experiment because it is found inside our bodies so it is not very harmful to humans and grows rapidly. Bacteria transformation is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell (addgene.org). Using plasmids, A linear or circular double-stranded DNA that is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA(biolog y-online.org), transformation is able to occur. Using heat shock, most of the bacteria accepts the foreign DNA and incorporates it into its own DNA. In this experiment E. coli was transformed to become resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin and expressed the GFP. Using heat shock and pGLO will transform E. coli to be resistant to ampicillin while glowing green. These results could help transform human DNA genes and give resistance to life-threatening diseases such as AIDS. Methods and Materials: Two micro test tubes were labeled +pGLO and the other –pGLO. Using a sterile transfer pipette, 250Â µL of transformation solution (CaCl2) were transferred to each test tube. The test tubes were placed in a bucket of ice for 3 minutes. A single colony of E. coli was placed in the transformation solution (CaCl2) of the test tube labeled +pGLO with a sterile loop and spun until the colony was all the way in the transformation solution. The same was done for the test tube labeled –pGLO. After, both test tubes were placed back in the bucket of ice for another 3 minutes. A new sterile loop was used to transfer pGLO Plasmid DNA to the test tube labeled +pGLO, not –pGLO. The test tubes were then back in the ice bucket for 10 minutes. While the test tubes were in the ice, the agar plates were gathered and labeled with the plate type and group name. After 10 minutes of the test tubes being in ice, they were both transferred to a water bath set at 42Â °C for 50 seconds. After 50 seconds the test tubes were placed back in the ice bucket for 2 minutes. Taking both test tubes out, a sterile pipette was used to pipette 250Â µL of LB nutrient broth into a test tube then mixed well. The same procedure was done to the other test tube using a new sterile pipette. Once both were mixed, they were incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. After the 20 minutes are done and using a new sterile pipette for each tube, 100Â µL of the transformation and control suspensions were transferred to the corresponding agar plates. Using a new sterile loop for each plate, the suspensions were evenly spread around the surface of the LB nutrient on each plate. The plates were stacked, labeled with a group name, and placed upside down in a fridge at 37Â °C until next week. Independent Variable: Whether or not the plate contained pGLO Dependent Variable: Growth rate Controlled Variables: Amount of LB nutrient Amount of transformation solution Amount of suspensions Time in the ice bucket and room temperature Temperature of water bath and fridge Positive Control: -pGLO, LB Negative Control: -pGLO, LB, AMP These controls were selected because even without the plasmid, the plate labeled ‘-pGLO, LB’ should have growth on it because the only thing added to the plate was nutrients for the bacteria. The plate without the plasmid, LB nutrient, and ampicillin is a negative control because the ampicillin should kill off all the bacteria on the plate. Discussion: The hypothesis was supported in this experiment. In the plate labeled ‘+pGLO, LB, AMP, ARA’ there was growth when normally the ampicillin would kill of the bacteria, as shown in the plate labeled ‘-pGLO, LB, AMP’. Also looking at the UV Light figure, the same plate was able to glow as a cause of inheriting the GFP and being in the presence of arabinose sugar. In the plate labeled ‘-pGLO, LB’ there should be bacterial growth, but there is none present. This could be a possible error in not transferring a big enough colony of E. coli. The plate labeled ‘+pGLO, LB, ARA’ should have more distinct colonies glowing however on the UV Light figure only a film is seen glowing. This could be a cause of putting too much pressure on the colony when spreading the E. coli on the plate. Having the ability to genetically modify DNA could help researchers in the medicine field develop cells that would be resistant to any harmful thing, like the flu or HIV. In conclusion, altering bacteria’s DNA is possible and so easy it can be performed by freshmans in college.

Shurgard self storage Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shurgard self storage - Case Study Example This work tells us about the founder of Shurgard, who has proven that goals can be achieved by proper investing and waiting. Shurgard Self Storage has proven its success. Like other business, it is important to create an image and allow shares. He created an image by creating a large lighthouse that could be used by customers to identify the business.Shurgard also wanted the services of the Self Storage to be similar and close to one another so they could be easily accessed. Easy access and fair pricing is a part of Shurgards business strategy. Sucess usually brings expansion. It was not a surprise that Shurgard had decided to expand. Europe had a huge market for self storage units. Shurgard knew what it took to grow and had a great chance at becoming successful in a foreign area such as Europe. Keeping the same business ethics in Europe should mean for a promising expansion.will be successful in Europe with the help of investors. Investors can help the company grow. Growing the comp any will allow Shurgard to expand its Europe operations and make more profit. They will only be successful if they wait for tenants to rent and give the self storage units time to pay for themselves. Current views on the firm’s expansion plans in Europe are promising. This means that an investor will need to help provide necessary funds. Expanding too fast in a foreign location could turn out to be unsuccessful. This is for many different reasons. Europe may only show an increase in tenants for a short length of time. If this happens, Shurgard will not do as well in Europe as the firm did in the United States. It is realistic to plan for an expansion if the expansion will be beneficial to the business. The management of Shurgard faces many expansion challenges. The challenges will bring opportunities but only if Shurgard can become successful. Challenges include, maintaining the storage units, advertising, and handling customers. Managers will be from another country and have to be taught American ways. Opportunities include expansion, and obtaining a good foreign reputation. d. The consortium is proposing to invest 122

Qualitative analysis using the transcript provided Essay

Qualitative analysis using the transcript provided - Essay Example In this paper, the approach to analysing findings gathered through an interview and a presentation and analysis of the findings are presented. The overall approach to analysis data was based on content analysis. This was used for its advantage of analysing the outcome of interviews in its most natural way in which it was gathered (Bowling, 2009). There were three major stages involved in the content analysis procedure, all of which have been vividly presented below. Segmentation was a process that helped the researcher in coming out with categories based on which subsequent codes will be constructed. The segments were therefore broad categorisation of meanings from the content of the interview (Hennick, 2011). For form the segmentations, three major rules were set. The first rule was that an interview question was a fixed category and the question order was not relevant. Second, the meaning of analysis gained from direct answering to the question was a category. Third, a follow up question or follow up answer was considered a separate category. Based on these rules, three major categories representing three non-recurring segments were constructed. These categories also served as themes for analysis in the subsequent section where the findings are presented and discussed. Based on the broad segmentations, it was necessary to have a coding process which highlighted key words and put them in appropriate categories based on the segmentation done earlier. In effect, whereas the segments or categories were broader themes, the codes were key words that reflected each category (Braun and Clarke, 2013). To get the most appropriate codes, rules were set in identifying key words that were most relevant to segments. Generally, the codes were named units. The first rule was that words that had same meaning with component words in the

Applying for Scholarship to attend Trinity Valley college Essay

Applying for to attend Trinity Valley college - Scholarship Essay Example I am, therefore, striving to either complete a two year course in Computer Science or an associate degree (â€Å"Blaine" Clamon II 2012). My studies have been characterized by good grades in the examinations as I have maintained an impressive GPA of 3.25 in addition to perfect school attendance. I have also taken high school lessons in Key Boarding as well as Audio/Video Production. Besides, I also had lessons on Business Law and in all the lessons computers were integral part of the learning process. Therefore, I enjoy working with computers. I am also a community volunteer worker as I usually attend St. Jude’s Catholic Church every Sunday morning and consequently assist the first grade Sunday school teacher with Sunday school duties. The scholarship will help me pursue my dream career at TVCC upon which I anticipate to get a job where I would apply my knowledge and skills obtained. TVCC comes to the fore based on the fact that it is close to my residence and the study plan of the specialty I intend to take suits my career objectives. It is with this noble intention that I have made the decision of approaching your organization with my humble request for scholarship (â€Å"Blaine" Clamon II

Discuss the major problems a firm might face in attempting to Essay

Discuss the major problems a firm might face in attempting to standardize advertising among different countries. How might product branding be affected - Essay Example Different countries have different languages they use in communication as their national languages in their countries. For instance, most of the countries now are majorly using English as their business language. There are many more countries that use different languages like French, Chinese, German language to mention only but a few. This means that for the marketing manager to think of standardizing the advertising internationally, he has to first think of how the message will reach the audience or target market. Communication language is usually an issue when it comes to the international business. The language has to be translated into the national language of the countries among which the advertising has to be standardized. It is therefore very expensive to translate the adverts into the foreign language before it is advertised. Besides, the advertisement manager finds it very hard to effectively supervise international business because he may not understand the language at a gl ance. It is more convenient to standardize advertisement among countries with same language speaking citizens than those countries that vary in the language speaking. Communication media has remained a question unanswered when it comes to international advertising, especially international standardization of advertising. This is due to a number of issues that follows. First there is a question of whether the advertisement media is available in the foreign countries or not. The standardization of international advertising to work there must be availability of the advertisement media among all the countries into which the advertising is to be practiced. For example some third world countries have limited access to the internet because of poverty while others like United States of America have computer technology advantage. It means then that for the standardization of the advertising among countries to prosper the communication media should not only be available

Locke's point on view about empiristics Assignment

Locke's point on view about empiristics - Assignment Example Explain why Berkeley maintains that if empiricists take these ideas seriously, Locke's account actually leads to radical doubts about the existence of the material world. What solution to this problem does Berkeley think that empiricists should accept? Berkeley's solution, however, is widely seen to be highly problematic. Which of these two problems---the (alleged) problems facing Locke or Berkeley's solution to these problems---seems to be the most damaging or difficult problem facing empiricism? Why? Critically defend your position. The empiricist claim of Locke proposes that knowledge only comes from experience and feeling while the rationalists asserts that reason is already an innate attribute and is already previously present in Descartes Cartesian proof. Locke posits that the human consciousness evolves and therefore starts as an â€Å"empty mind† or a tabula rasa. It continuously evolves with experience, learning and sensation which are the sources of our ideas. The ra tionalists like Rene Descartes however, presupposes that reason is already inherent in man. It is already there even before he or she attempts to evolve or make a conscious effort to even think. For Descartes, the mere exercise of thinking is already a validation that one exists. Even the process of doubting one’s existence, in Descartes perspective, is already a proof that one exists due to the sheer exercise of thinking.

Guns and school violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Guns and school violence - Essay Example that any profile of a student shooter would fit too many students, since it has emerged that while some are children of divorcees, others are loners while still others are children of an ideal American family (Cavanaugh, et al, 317). However, the fundamental aspect of the Guns and school violence is the fact that; as opposed to the act of shooting the students being a snap action, the acts of shooting other students have been found to be premeditated and planned, since the student shooters were found to acquire the weapons well in advance, and even follow a considerable public path of violence (Redding and Sarah, 297). While some of the student shooters were found to plan their acts quietly, others were found to make their plans well known over a period of time, through consistent threats that eventually turn into the actualization of the violent act of shooting. The major concern is the motivating factors that drive the gun violence to increase at such a significant rate in schools. While it is worrying to think that guns can find way into schools and be used for violence perpetration, the truth is that the case is affirmative, and the incidences are even higher than could be anticipated. In fact, such occurrences have made many students and parents fear schools, preferring to undertake their learning at homes or in different private settings. According to the indicators of school crime and safety 2011 report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 6% of high school students in the USA stayed home for the feeling of being insecure either at school or on their way to school (Cavanaugh, et al, 322). This fact serves to indicate how the gun and school violence have affected the education sector in the USA, and it is threatening to paralyze public learning, especially in areas where crimes and gang violence are rampant. The report also indicated that around 7% of students in school between 9th and 12th grade admitted to have been threatened with a weapon within the